{"id":5008,"date":"2025-05-09T13:00:56","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T06:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mayxaydunghanoi.com\/?p=5008"},"modified":"2025-12-13T03:18:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T20:18:21","slug":"mui-khoan-dap-chon-vat-lieu-nao-cho-dia-chat-cung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mayxaydunghanoi.com\/vi\/mui-khoan-dap-chon-vat-lieu-nao-cho-dia-chat-cung\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1eadp: Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1eadp chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ed1c \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khoan cao.<\/h2>\n

Trong thi c\u00f4ng khoan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ma s\u00e1t cao, m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t khoan v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u0169i khoan d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m hay \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1eadp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp, ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao. V\u1eady n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u?<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khoan?<\/h3>\n

Khi khoan \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn khi\u1ebfn m\u0169i khoan d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t, g\u00e3y ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, khi va v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 sinh ra t\u1eeb ma s\u00e1t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t cao, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u0169i khoan c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn sai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn m\u0169i khoan nhanh m\u00f2n, c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khoan, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m hao t\u1ed5n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

1. H\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p ch\u1ee9a cr\u00f4m \u2013 mangan \u2013 molypden (Cr-Mn-Mo):<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1eadp h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa cr\u00f4m v\u00e0 molypden gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, trong khi mangan t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t cao, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khoan t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e1 granit v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

2. Th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong>
\nTrong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khoan s\u00e2u v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ma s\u00e1t t\u0103ng cao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 vanadium, tungsten gi\u00fap m\u0169i khoan duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i khi b\u1ecb nung n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

3. H\u1ee3p kim tungsten carbide (WC-Co):<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng, tungsten carbide th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i khoan (bit) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u00e8n c\u1ee9ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t cao, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho khoan \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n m\u00e1y khoan c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

G\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u0169i khoan \u0111\u1eadp khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0110\u00e1 v\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim Cr-Mn-Mo ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p t\u00f4i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u00e1 granit, \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ed1c<\/td>\nTungsten carbide cho \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft + th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 m\u1ea3nh<\/td>\nTh\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t + l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khoan (khoan \u0111\u1ee9ng, khoan ngang, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m…) c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. V\u1edbi khoan \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u00e2u tr\u00ean 30m, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i m\u0169i c\u00f3 l\u00f5i th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu xo\u1eafn t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 g\u1eafn h\u1ee3p kim si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xuy\u00ean ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh.<\/p>\n

<\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/h3>\n